参考资料: [K&R1, Sec. 1.5 p. 14]; [K&R2, Sec. 1.5.1 p. 16]; [ISO, Sec. 6.1.2.5, Sec. 7.9.1, Sec. 7.9.7.5]; [H&S, Sec. 5.1.3 p. 116, Sec. 15.1, Sec. 15.6]; [CT&P, Sec. 5.1 p. 70]; [PCS, Sec. 11 p. 157]。