The Django Book

adminindex [appname appname ]

adminindex [appname appname ]

Prints the admin-index template snippet for the given application names. Use admin-index template snippets if you want to customize the look and feel of your admins index page.

显示指定程�的admin-index模版代�。如果你想定制自已风格的admin首页，�以使用admin-index模�代�。

createcachetable [tablename]

createcachetable [tablename] 新增快�資料表[表的�稱]

Creates a cache table named tablename for use with the database cache back-end. See Chapter 13 for more about caching.

为数�库缓存��创建�为 tablename 的缓存表，详�第13章关于缓存的部分

dbshell

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Runs the command-line client for the database engine specified in your DATABASE_ENGINE setting, with the connection parameters specified in the settings DATABASE_USER , DATABASE_PASSWORD , and so forth.

为你在`DATABASE_ENGINE` 中定义的数�库�行一个命令行客户端。连接所需�的�数定义在`DATABASE_USER`` , ``DATABASE_PASSWORD``中。如下。

• For PostgreSQL, this runs the psql command-line client.

• 对于 PostgreSQL, 它è¿�è¡Œ``psql`` 命令

• For MySQL, this runs the mysql command-line client.

• 对于 MySQL, 它è¿�è¡Œ``mysql`` 命令

• For SQLite, this runs the sqlite3 command-line client.

• 对于SQLite, 它è¿�è¡Œ``sqlite3`` 命令

This command assumes the programs are on your PATH so that a simple call to the program name (psql , mysql , or sqlite3 ) will find the program in the right place. Theres no way to specify the location of the program manually.

这个命令�设这些程�都在你的``PATH``中，所以��简�的调用程��(psql , mysql , 或 sqlite3 )就�以找到它们。无法手工定义这些程�的�置。

diffsettings

diffsettings

Displays differences between the current settings file and Djangos default settings.

显示当�settings文件和Django的标准settings文件的��。

Settings that dont appear in the defaults are followed by "###" . For example, the default settings dont define ROOT_URLCONF , so ROOT_URLCONF is followed by "###" in the output of diffsettings .

没有在标准settings文件中出现的设置å�Žé�¢ä¼šè·Ÿç�€``”###”`。例如，标准settings没有定义``ROOT_URLCONF``，因此，在``diffsettings``的输出中``ROOT_URLCONF``之å�Žä¼šè·Ÿç�€“###”```。

Note that Djangos default settings live in django.conf.global_settings , if youre ever curious to see the full list of defaults.

RhfDXL <a href=”http://nwekewqwmpmf.com/“>nwekewqwmpmf</a>, [url=http://urrjvbmxkjzs.com/]urrjvbmxkjzs[/url], [link=http://ukjmwtvftncx.com/]ukjmwtvftncx[/link], http://zizkdnkhaixj.com/

dumpdata [appname appname ]

dumpdata [appname appname ] 將�個應用程�的資料下載回來

Outputs to standard output all data in the database associated with the named application(s).

輸出檔案到標準輸出。關於這個應用程�資料庫�的所有資料。

By default, the database will be dumped in JSON format. If you want the output to be in another format, use the --format option (e.g., format=xml ). You may specify any Django serialization back-end (including any user-specified serialization back-ends named in the SERIALIZATION_MODULES setting). The --indent option can be used to pretty-print the output.

默认的，数æ�®åº“会被导出为JSONæ ¼å¼�。如果你导出其它格å¼�，使用``—format``选项( 例如，``format=xml`` )。你å�¯ä»¥æŒ‡å®šä»»ä½•Djangoåº�例å�Žç«¯(包括任何用户自定义的åº�例å�Žç«¯ ，定义在``SERIALIZATION_MODULES``中 ). --indent 选项，用æ�¥æ›´ä¼˜ç¾Žçš„显示输出.

If no application name is provided, all installed applications will be dumped.

如果没有指定程��，那么所有安装的程�都会被导出

The output of dumpdata can be used as input for loaddata .

``dumpdata``的输出文件，�以用�``loaddata``的输入文件。

flush

刷新

Returns the database to the state it was in immediately after syncdb was executed. This means that all data will be removed from the database, any postsynchronization handlers will be re-executed, and the initial_data fixture will be reinstalled.

讓資料庫回到一個�始狀�，約是在syncdb 被執行之後。這表示所有資料將從資料�被移除，任何postsynchronization 處�將會被�處�。然後�始資料將會�被寫入一次。

inspectdb

检查数�库

Introspects the database tables in the database pointed to by the DATABASE_NAME setting and outputs a Django model module (a models.py file) to standard output.

將所有的資料表指出來，按你指�的資料庫�稱設定，輸出一個Django 模型的模組。(a ``models.py``檔) 到標準的輸出。

Use this if you have a legacy database with which youd like to use Django. The script will inspect the database and create a model for each table within it.

用它。�如你已經有一個�字號的資料庫在用，且你想用Django.這個指令檔將�測這個資料庫，然後為�一個資料表新建一個模型

As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field in the table. Note that inspectdb has a few special cases in its field name output:

你�能期待，這個新建的模型將有表�所有欄�所�應的屬性。注�:inspectdb有一些特別的狀�在欄��稱的輸出上。

• If inspectdb cannot map a columns type to a model field type, it will use TextField and will insert the Python comment 'This field type is a guess.' next to the field in the generated model.

�如inspectdb�能標定行的型別和模型�欄�的型別，它將用TextField，然後寫入一個Python 註解，這欄�型別我是用猜的。在這生�的模型的欄��邊

• If the database column name is a Python reserved word (such as 'pass' , 'class' , or 'for' ), inspectdb will append '_field' to the attribute name. For example, if a table has a column 'for' , the generated model will have a field 'for_field' , with the db_column attribute set to 'for' . inspectdb will insert the Python comment 'Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.' next to the field.

�如資料庫的欄��稱是Python的�留字(如 pass，class，for)，那inspectdb會加上_field到這個性質�稱的後�。例如，�如一個表有一個欄���for，這產生的模型就會有一個欄���for_field，�應到db_column的性質是for，inspectdb將會填入Python註解，欄�被改�字了，因為這是Python的�留字。加上�邊

This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After you run it, youll want to look over the generated models yourself to make customizations. In particular, youll need to rearrange the models so that models with relationships are ordered properly.

這項特質是表示�徑，�是有��的模型產生，在你執行完後，你將想�關心一下這自動產生的模型來客製化。特別是，你將需�從新安排這些模型，建立之間的關係，和�當的排�

Primary keys are automatically introspected for PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite, in which case Django puts in the primary_key=True where needed.

主�值是自動�測的，�PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite,在這種情�下，Django 會視需�將這些設定設為primary_key=True。

inspectdb works with PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite. Foreign key detection only works in PostgreSQL and with certain types of MySQL tables.

inspectdb，在連上PostgreSQL, MySQL, and SQLite時，外��測��用在PostgreSQL �MySQL 資料表�的�些特定型態!

loaddata [fixture fixture ]

載入數據�填補 填充】

Searches for and loads the contents of the named fixture into the database.

尋找和載入一些已命�的填充的內容到資料庫�

A fixture is a collection of files that contain the serialized contents of the database. Each fixture has a unique name; however, the files that comprise the fixture can be distributed over multiple directories, in multiple applications.

一個填補，是一個檔案的收集，包�著資料庫�的連續資料。�一個填補，有一個唯一的�稱，然而，填補�的檔�以放在多個檔案夾�，給多個應用程�補資料用。

Django will search in three locations for fixtures:

Django 會找關於填補的三個地方:

• In the fixtures directory of every installed application

在�一個已安�的程��的fixtures目錄

• In any directory named in the FIXTURE_DIRS setting

在FIXTURE_DIRS設定下的，任何目錄

• In the literal path named by the fixture

在字�上的路徑是��為fixture的

Django will load any and all fixtures it finds in these locations that match the provided fixture names.

Django 將載入所有的填補，在這些�置�被發�到，且符�所�供的填補的�字。

If the named fixture has a file extension, only fixtures of that type will be loaded. For example, the following:

�如 已命�的填補有一個副檔�，�有格��的填補會被載入。例如下列

django-admin.py loaddata mydata.json

will only load JSON fixtures called mydata . The fixture extension must correspond to the registered name of a serializer (e.g., json or xml ).

將�會載入JSON 填補��mydata。這個填補的延伸符�這�列�登錄的�稱(例如json或xml)

If you omit the extension, Django will search all available fixture types for a matching fixture. For example, the following:

�如你�略這個副檔�，Django 將尋找所有的�能的填補型態，�於一個符�的填補。例如，下列

django-admin.py loaddata mydata

will look for any fixture of any fixture type called mydata . If a fixture directory contained mydata.json , that fixture would be loaded as a JSON fixture. However, if two fixtures with the same name but different fixture types are discovered (e.g., if mydata.json and mydata.xml were found in the same fixture directory), fixture installation will be aborted, and any data installed in the call to loaddata will be removed from the database.

將會尋找任何填補命�為mydata。�如一個填補的目錄夾有一個mydata.json。這個填補將被載入用， JSON的方�。然而，�如兩個填補�一樣的�字，但有�一樣的填補副檔�，如(mydata.json` and ``mydata.xml在�一個目錄下被發�)，填補的安�動作將會�消，然後其他的已安�數據在loaddata呼�時，將會從數據庫被移除掉。

The fixtures that are named can include directory components. These directories will be included in the search path. The following, for example:

已命�的填補�以包��目錄，這些目錄將被 包�進�尋的路徑�。如下，舉例

django-admin.py loaddata foo/bar/mydata.json

will search <appname>/fixtures/foo/bar/mydata.json for each installed application, <dirname>/foo/bar/mydata.json for each directory in FIXTURE_DIRS , and the literal path foo/bar/mydata.json .

上�的语�将会查询�一个已�安装的应用的``<appname>/fixtures/foo/bar/mydata.json`` ，``FIXTURE_DIRS`` 中的�一个``<dirname>/foo/bar/mydata.json`` ，以�原义路径``foo/bar/mydata.json`` 的值

Note that the order in which fixture files are processed is undefined. However, all fixture data is installed as a single transaction, so data in one fixture can reference data in another fixture. If the database back-end supports row-level constraints, these constraints will be checked at the end of the transaction.

The dumpdata command can be used to generate input for loaddata .

MySQL and Fixtures

Unfortunately, MySQL isnt capable of completely supporting all the features of Django fixtures. If you use MyISAM tables, MySQL doesnt support transactions or constraints, so you wont get a rollback if multiple transaction files are found, or validation of fixture data. If you use InnoDB tables, you wont be able to have any forward references in your data files MySQL doesnt provide a mechanism to defer checking of row constraints until a transaction is committed.

reset [appname appname ]

Executes the equivalent of sqlreset for the given app names.

runfcgi [options]

Starts a set of FastCGI processes suitable for use with any Web server that supports the FastCGI protocol. See Chapter 20 for more about deploying under FastCGI.

This command requires the Python FastCGI module from flup (http://www.djangoproject.com/r/flup/).

此命令需�Python的FastCGI模�，�自“flup�（`http://www.djangoproject.com/r/flup/`）。

runserver [optional port number, or ipaddr:port]

Starts a lightweight development Web server on the local machine. By default, the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address 127.0.0.1. You can pass in an IP address and port number explicitly.

在本地�动轻�级的开�Web�务器。默认情况下，该�务器监�127.0.0.1的8000端�，�以传入�数指定监�的IP地�与端��

If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers are reserved for the superuser (root).

如果你使用普通用户���行该命令（推�方�），你�能会没有���监�低端�。低端�往往�有超级用户（root）�能监�。

Warning

注�：

Do not use this server in a production setting . It has not gone through security audits or performance tests, and there are no plans to change that fact. Djangos developers are in the business of making Web frameworks, not Web servers, so improving this server to be able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of Django.

��在最终产�中使用该�务器 . 该�务器没有通过安全与性能测试，并且也�打算通过。Django开�者的主�任务是制作web框架，而�是web�务器，改进该�务器使之�以在最终产�中应用超出了Django的范围。

The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as needed. You dont need to restart the server for code changes to take effect.

在需�的时候，该开��务器会为�个请求自动�新加载Python代�。所以当你改动代�之��需��新�动它就�以生效。

When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the server is running, the server will validate all of your installed models. (See the upcoming section on the validate command.) If the validator finds errors, it will print them to standard output, but it wont stop the server.

该�务器�动�，在�务器�行的�时更改Python代�时，该�务器会验�你安装的所有模�（�考马上就�讲到的 validate 命令）. 如果�现错误，�务器会把它们输出到标准输出，但是�务器并�会�止。

You can run as many servers as you want, as long as theyre on separate ports. Just execute django-admin.py runserver more than once.

你�以�时�行许多个�务器实例，��它们�自监���的端�。��行多个�务器实例，��多次执行 django-admin.py runserver 就�以了。

Note that the default IP address, 127.0.0.1, is not accessible from other machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g., 192.168.2.1) or 0.0.0.0.

值得一�的是默认的IP地� 127.0.0.1 无法从网络上的其他机器访问到，�使�务器�以被网络中的其他�务器访问到，使用真实IP地�（例如192.168.2.1）或者0.0.0.0

For example, to run the server on port 7000 on IP address 127.0.0.1, use this:

例如，�在127.0.0.1的7000端��行该�务器，使用如下方法：

django-admin.py runserver 7000

Or to run the server on port 7000 on IP address 1.2.3.4, use this:

或者在IP地�1.2.3.4的7000端��行，使用：

django-admin.py runserver 1.2.3.4:7000

django-admin.py runserver --noreload

shell

Starts the Python interactive interpreter.

�动Python交互解释器.

Django will use IPython (http://ipython.scipy.org/) if its installed. If you have IPython installed and want to force use of the plain Python interpreter, use the --plain option, like so:

Django将使用IPython（http://ipython.scipy.org/）（如果已ç»�安装了IPython）。如果应ç»�安装了IPython，但是想使用平常的Python解释器，å�¯ä»¥ä½¿ç”¨’‘—plain’‘选项，就åƒ�这样：

django-admin.py shell --plain

sql [appname appname ]

Prints the CREATE TABLE SQL statements for the given app names.

为指定应用�称打�“CREATE TABLE� 的sql声明。

sqlall [appname appname ]

Prints the CREATE TABLE and initial-data SQL statements for the given app names.

为指定应用�称打�“CREATE TABLE�和�始化数�的sql声明。

Refer to the description of sqlcustom for an explanation of how to specify initial data.

��“sqlcustom�关于如何指定�始化数�的解释�述。

sqlclear [appname appname ]

Prints the DROP TABLE SQL statements for the given app names.

为给定的应用�打�``DROP TABLE``SQL语�。

sqlcustom [appname appname ]

Prints the custom SQL statements for the given app names.

为给定应用�称打�自定义的sql声明。

For each model in each specified app, this command looks for the file <appname>/sql/<modelname>.sql , where <appname> is the given app name and <modelname> is the models name in lowercase. For example, if you have an app news that includes a Story model, sqlcustom will attempt to read a file news/sql/story.sql and append it to the output of this command.

对于æ¯�个指定应用中的æ¯�个模型，此命令查找文件“<appname>/sql/<modelname>.sqlâ€�，这里“<appname>â€�是给定的应用å��称，“<modelname>â€�是å°�写的模型å��称。比如，如果你有一个应用“newsâ€�，包å�«ä¸€ä¸ªâ€œStoryâ€�模型，那么”sqlcustom”将会å°�试读å�–文件“news/sql/story.sqlâ€�并追加其到此命令的输出。

Each of the SQL files, if given, is expected to contain valid SQL. The SQL files are piped directly into the database after all of the models table-creation statements have been executed. Use this SQL hook to make any table modifications, or insert any SQL functions into the database.

�个给出的sql文件应该包��法的sql。当所有的模型数�表创建声明都已�执行完�时sql文件会直接传�至数�库。使用这个sql钩�以修改任何数�表，或者输入任何sql函数到数�库。

Note that the order in which the SQL files are processed is undefined.

注�：SQL文件的处�顺�并没有定义。

sqlindexes [appname appname ]

sqlindexes [appname appname ]

Prints the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for the given app names.

为给定的应用�打� CREATE INDEX SQL 语�.

sqlreset [appname appname ]

sqlreset [appname appname ]

Prints the DROP TABLE SQL, and then the CREATE TABLE SQL, for the given app names.

对给定的应用�，打�``DROP TABLE``SQL语�，然�是``CREATE TABLE``SQL语�。

sqlsequencereset [appname appname ]

sqlsequencereset [appname appname ]

Prints the SQL statements for resetting sequences for the given app names.

对给定的应用�，打��置�列的SQL语�。

Youll need this SQL only if youre using PostgreSQL and have inserted data by hand. When you do that, PostgreSQLs primary key sequences can get out of sync from whats in the database, and the SQL emitted by this command will clear it up.

�有当你使用PostgreSQL并且已�手动输入数�时，你将需�这些sql。当你那样�时，PostgreSQL的主键�列�会从数�库�步，并且此命令所�交的sql将会清除它。

startapp [appname]

Creates a Django application directory structure for the given app name in the current directory.

在当�目录为给定的应用�创建Django应用程�目录结构.

startproject [projectname]

Creates a Django project directory structure for the given project name in the current directory.

在当�目录为给定的项目�创建Django项目目录结构.

syncdb

Creates the database tables for all applications in INSTALLED_APPS whose tables have not already been created.

為所有的應用在``INSTALLED_APPS``中�存在的表,創建數據庫表

Use this command when youve added new applications to your project and want to install them in the database. This includes any applications shipped with Django that might be in INSTALLED_APPS by default. When you start a new project, run this command to install the default applications.

用這命令當你增加新的應用到你的項目,想�安�他們到數據庫,

當你開始一個新的項目,�行這個命令安�到默�的應用

If youre installing the django.contrib.auth application, syncdb will give you the option of creating a superuser immediately. syncdb will also search for and install any fixture named initial_data . See the documentation for loaddata for details on the specification of fixture data files.

如果你正在安装“django.contrib.auth�应用，“syncdb�将会给出立�创建超级用户的选项。“syncdb�也将会�索并安装任何命�为“initial_data�的夹具 。关于夹具数�文件的规范��“loaddata�文档。

test

测试 。。。。

Discovers and runs tests for all installed models. Testing was still under development when this book was being written, so to learn more youll need to read the documentation online at http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/0.96/testing/.

为所有已安装模型�现和执行测试。当写作本书时测试工作�然处于开�阶段，因此想了解更多你需�阅读在线文档：`http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/0.96/testing/` 。

validate

验�

Validates all installed models (according to the INSTALLED_APPS setting) and prints validation errors to standard output.

根� INSTALLED_APPS 的设置值, 验�所有的安装模�, 并将 验�错误打�到标准输出上.

settings

設置

Example usage:

示例用法:

django-admin.py syncdb --settings=mysite.settings

Explicitly specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be in Python package syntax (e.g., mysite.settings ). If this isnt provided, django-admin.py will use the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable.

显示地指定所用的设置模�。该设置模�应该�循 Python包语法（例如，“mysite.settings�）。如果�指定，“django-admin.py�将会使用环境��“DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE�。

Note that this option is unnecessary in manage.py , because it takes care of setting DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE for you.

注�这个选项在 manage.py 中�是必须的, 因为它负责为您设定``DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE`` .

pythonpath

python的目录

Example usage:

示例用法:

django-admin.py syncdb --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'

Adds the given filesystem path to the Python import search path. If this isnt provided, django-admin.py will use the PYTHONPATH environment variable.

添加给定路径到Python的导入�索路径. 如果没有�供, django-admin.py 将使用 PYTHONPATH 环境��.

Note that this option is unnecessary in manage.py , because it takes care of setting the Python path for you.

注�, 这个选项在 manage.py 中�是必须的, 因它负责为您设定Python路径.

format

格�化

Example usage:

示例用法:

django-admin.py dumpdata --format=xml

Specifies the output format that will be used. The name provided must be the name of a registered serializer.

指定一个�使用的输出格�. �供的�字必须是一个注册的serializer的�字.

help

Displays a help message that includes a terse list of all available actions and options.

显示一个包�所有�用功能和选项的简�列表.

indent

缩进

Example usage:

示例用法:

django-admin.py dumpdata --indent=4

Specifies the number of spaces that will be used for indentation when pretty-printing output. By default, output will not be pretty-printed. Pretty-printing will only be enabled if the indent option is provided.

指定�好输出（优美输出�格�化输出）时用于缩进的空格数�。默认的输出将�会是�好输出。�好输出�在�供缩进选项时�用。

noinput

Indicates you will not be prompted for any input. This is useful if the django-admin script will be executed as an unattended, automated script.

表示将�会�示你�任何输入。这一点在“django-admin�脚本作为一个无人值守的自动脚本执行时很有用。

noreload

Disables the use of the autoreloader when running the development server.

当�行开��务器的时候, �止使用自动加载器.

version

Displays the current Django version.

显示当�的Django版本.

Example output:

示例输出:

0.9.1
0.9.1 (SVN)

verbosity

Example usage:

示例用法:

django-admin.py syncdb --verbosity=2

Determines the amount of notification and debug information that will be printed to the console. 0 is no output, 1 is normal output, and 2 is verbose output.

确定通知数�和打�到控制�的调试信�。0代表没有输出，1代表正常输出，2代表详细输出。

adminmedia

Example usage:

示例用法:

django-admin.py --adminmedia=/tmp/new-admin-style/

Tells Django where to find the various CSS and JavaScript files for the admin interface when running the development server. Normally these files are served out of the Django source tree, but because some designers customize these files for their site, this option allows you to test against custom versions.

用�告诉Django当使用自带的开��务器的时候，如何为admin界�去寻找��的CSS和JavaScript文件。通常这些文件都是存放在Django的�代�树的中，但是因为有些设计者为他们自己的网站使用定制了这些文件，而这个选项�许你试��消这些定制的版本。