The Django Book

Installing an Official Release

官方�布版安装

Most people will want to install the latest official release from http://www.djangoproject.com/download/. Django uses the standard Python distutils installation method, which in Linux land looks like this:

大多数人会考虑从 http://www.djangoproject.com/download/ 下载安装最新的官方�布版。Django 使用了 Python 标准的 distutils 安装法，在 Linux 平��能包括如下步骤：

1. Download the tarball, which will be named something like Django-0.96.tar.gz .

1. 下载 tar 安装包，其文件��能会是 Django-0.96.tar.gz 。

2. tar xzvf Django-*.tar.gz .

2. tar xzvf Django-*.tar.gz 。

3. cd Django-* .

3. cd Django-* 。

4. sudo python setup.py install .

4. sudo python setup.py install 。

On Windows, we recommend using 7-Zip to handle all manner of compressed files, including .tar.gz . You can download 7-Zip from http://www.djangoproject.com/r/7zip/.

在windowså¹³å�°ä¸‹ï¼Œæˆ‘们建议使用 7-Zip æ�¥å¤„ç�†å�„ç§�æ ¼å¼�的压缩文档，包括 “.tar.gz” æ ¼å¼�。7-Zip å�¯ä»¥ä»Ž http://www.djangoproject.com/r/7zip/ 下载得到 。

Change into some other directory and start python . If everything worked, you should be able to import the module django :

切�到�一个目录并�动 python 。如果一切就绪，你就�以导入 django 模�了：

>>> import django
>>> django.VERSION
(0, 96, None)

Note

注�

The Python interactive interpreter is a command-line program that lets you write a Python program interactively. To start it, just run the command python at the command line. Throughout this book, we feature example Python code thats printed as if its being entered in the interactive interpreter. The triple greater-than signs (>>> ) signify a Python prompt.

Python 交互解释器是命令行窗�的程�，通过它�以交互�编写 Python 程�。 ��动它�需�行 python 命令。本书所有的 Python 示例代��以在交互解释器中输入的方�展示。那三个大于�（ >>> ）是 Python 的�示符。

Installing Django from Subversion

通过 subversion 安装 Django

If you want to work on the bleeding edge, or if you want to contribute code to Django itself, you should install Django from its Subversion repository.

如果想体验有一定风险的新特性，或者想为 Django 贡献代�的�，应该从Subverion 仓库下载安装 Django。

Subversion is a free, open source revision-control system similar to CVS, and the Django team uses it to manage changes to the Django codebase. You can use a Subversion client to grab the very latest Django source code and, at any given time, you can update your local version of the Django code, known as your local checkout , to get the latest changes and improvements made by Django developers.

Subversion 是一�与 CVS 类似的�费开�版本控制系统，Django 开�团队使用它管� Django 代�库的更新。你�以使用 Subversion 客户端获�最新的 Django �代�，并�任何时候使用 local checkout 更新本地 Django 代�的版本，以获� Django 开�者所�的最近更新和改进。

The latest and greatest Django development code is referred to as the trunk . The Django team runs production sites on trunk and strives to keep it stable.

最新和最好的Django代�通常��*trunk（主干）*。Django开�团队就是使用trunk代���行产�级站点，并全力确�其稳定性。

To grab the latest Django trunk, follow these steps:

�循以下步骤以获�最新的 Django 主�代�：

1. Make sure you have a Subversion client installed. You can get the software free from http://subversion.tigris.org/, and you can find excellent documentation at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/.

1. 确�安装了 Subversion 客户端。�以从 http://subversion.tigris.org/ �费下载该软件，并从 http://svnbook.red-bean.com/ 获�出色的文档。

2. Check out the trunk using the command svn co http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk djtrunk .

2. 使用 svn co http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk djtrunk 命令检出主�代�。

3. Create site-packages/django.pth and add the djtrunk directory to it, or update your PYTHONPATH to point to djtrunk .

3. 创建 site-packages/django.pth 并将 djtrunk 目录添加进去，或者更新 PYTHONPATH 设置，将其指� djtrunk 。

4. Place djtrunk/django/bin on your system PATH. This directory includes management utilities such as django-admin.py .

4. 将 djtrunk/django/bin 加入系统�� PATH 中。该目录中包�一些� django-admin.py 之类的管�工具。

Tip:

�示：

If .pth files are new to you, you can learn more about them at http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python/site-module/.

如果之�没有接触过 .pth 文件，你�以从 http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python/site-module/ 中获�更多相关知识。

After downloading from Subversion and following the preceding steps, theres no need to python setup.py install youve just done the work by hand!

从 Subversion 完�下载并执行了�述步骤�，就没有必��执行 python setup.py install 了，你刚�已�手动完�了安装�

Because the Django trunk changes often with bug fixes and feature additions, youll probably want to update it every once in a while or hourly, if youre really obsessed. To update the code, just run the command svn update from within the djtrunk directory. When you run that command, Subversion will contact `http://code.djangoproject.com`_, determine if any code has changed, and update your local version of the code with any changes that have been made since you last updated. Its quite slick.

由于 Django 主干代�的更新�常包括 bug 修正和特性添加，如果真的�迷的�，你�能�隔一�段时间就想更新一次。在 djtrunk 目录下�行 svn update 命令��进行更新。当你使用这个命令时，Subversion 会�络 http://code.djangoproject.com ，判断代�是�有更新，然�把上次更新以�的所有�动应用到本地代�。就这么简�。

Using Django with PostgreSQL

在 Django 中使用 PostgreSQL

If youre using PostgreSQL, youll need the psycopg package available from http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-pgsql/. Take note of whether youre using version 1 or 2; youll need this information later.

使用 PostgreSQL 的�，你需�从 http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-pgsql/ 下载 psycopg 这个开�包。留�你所用的是 版本 1 还是 2，��你会需�这项信�。

If youre using PostgreSQL on Windows, you can find precompiled binaries of psycopg at http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-pgsql/windows/.

如果在 Windows 平�上使用 PostgreSQL，�以从 http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-pgsql/windows/ 获�预编译的 psycopg 开�包的二进制文件。

Using Django with SQLite 3

在 Django 中使用 SQLite 3

If youre using a Python version over 2.5, you already have SQLite. If youre working with Python 2.4 or older, youll need SQLite 3 not version 2from http://www.djangoproject.com/r/sqlite/ and the pysqlite package from http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-sqlite/. Make sure you have pysqlite version 2.0.3 or higher.

如果使用 2.5 �更高版本的 Python ，你无需�安装 SQLite 。但如果使用的是 2.4 或者更低版本的 Python，你所需�的 SQLite 3 �是从 http://www.djangoproject.com/r/sqlite/ 下载到的版本 2 以�从 http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-sqlite/ 下载 pysqlite 。必须确�使用的是 2.0.3 或者更高版本的 pysqlite 。

On Windows, you can skip installing the separate SQLite binaries, since theyre statically linked into the pysqlite binaries.

在 Windows 平�上，�以跳过�独的 SQLite 二进制包安装工作，因为它们已被��链接到 pysqlite 二进制开�包中。

Using Django with MySQL

在 Django 中使用 MySQL

Django requires MySQL 4.0 or above; the 3.x versions dont support nested subqueries and some other fairly standard SQL statements. Youll also need the MySQLdb package from http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-mysql/.

Django 需� 4.0 或者更高版本的 MySQL，3.x 版�支�嵌套�查询以�其它一些相当标准的 SQL 语�。你还需�从 http://www.djangoproject.com/r/python-mysql/ 下载安装 MySQLdb 。

Using Django Without a Database

使用无数�库支�的 Django

As mentioned earlier, Django doesnt actually require a database. If you just want to use it to serve dynamic pages that dont hit a database, thats perfectly fine.

正如之���过的，Django 并�是�得�数�库��以�行。如果�用它�供一些�涉�数�库的动�页��务，也�样�以完美�行。

With that said, bear in mind that some of the extra tools bundled with Django do require a database, so if you choose not to use a database, youll miss out on those features. (We highlight these features throughout this book.)

尽管如此，还是�记�：Django 所�绑的一些附加工具 一定 需�数�库，因此如果选择�使用数�库，你将�能使用这些功能。 (我们会在全书中标出这些功能。)

The Development Server

开��务器

Django includes a built-in, lightweight Web server you can use while developing your site. Weve included this server so you can develop your site rapidly, without having to deal with configuring your production Web server (e.g., Apache) until youre ready for production. This development server watches your code for changes and automatically reloads, helping you make many rapid changes to your project without needing to restart anything.

Django 带有一个内建的轻�级 Web �务器，�供站点开�过程中使用。我们�供这个�务器是为了让你快速开�站点，也就是说在准备�布产�之�，无需进行产�级 Web �务器（比如 Apache）的�置工作。该开��务器会监测代��动并将其自动�载，这样一�，你�快速进行项目修改而无需作任何��。

Change into the mysite directory, if you havent already, and run the command python manage.py runserver . Youll see something like this:

如果还没有进入 mysite 目录的�，现在进入其中，并�行 python manage.py runserver 命令。你将看到如下输出：

Validating models...
0 errors found.

Django version 1.0, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Development server is running at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

Although the development server is extremely nice for, well, development, resist the temptation to use this server in anything resembling a production environment. The development server can handle only a single request at a time reliably, and it has not gone through a security audit of any sort. When the time comes to launch your site, see Chapter 20 for information on how to deploy Django.

尽管对于开��说，这个开��务器�常得棒，但一定�打消在产�级环境中使用该�务器的念头。在�一时间，该�务器�能��地处�一次�个请求，并且没有进行任何类型的安全审计。�布站点�，请�阅第 20 章了解如何部署 Django 。

Changing the Host or the Port

更改主机或端�

By default, the runserver command starts the development server on port 8000, listening only for local connections. If you want to change the servers port, pass it as a command-line argument:

默认情况下， runserver 命令在 8000 端��动开��务器，且�监�本机连接。�想�更改�务器端�的�，�将端�作为命令行�数传入：

python manage.py runserver 8080

You can also change the IP address that the server listens on. This is especially helpful if youd like to share a development site with other developers. The following:

还�以改��务器监�的 IP 地�。�和其他开�人员共享�一开�站点的�，该功能特别有用。下�的命令：

python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8080

will make Django listen on any network interface, thus allowing other computers to connect to the development server.

会让 Django 监�所有网络接�，因此也就让其它电脑�连接到开��务器了。

Now that the servers running, visit http://127.0.0.1:8000/ with your Web browser. Youll see a Welcome to Django page shaded a pleasant pastel blue. It worked!

既然�务器已��行起�了，现在用网页�览器访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/ 。 你应该�以看到一个欢快的淡�色所笼罩的 Django 欢迎页�。一切正常�