1. 获取HTTP请求的IP地址

这篇文章演示了如何在Go中获取传入HTTP请求的IP地址。作为一种功能,它尝试使用X-FORWARDED-FORhttp头作为代理和负载均衡器(例如在Heroku之类的主机上)后面的代码,而RemoteAddr如果找不到该头,则会尝试使用http头。

举个例子,我们在下面创建了一个(各种各样的)回显服务器,以json形式使用请求的IP地址回复传入的请求。

package main

import (
    "encoding/json"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", ExampleHandler)
    if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

func ExampleHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
    resp, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
        "ip": GetIP(r),
    })
    w.Write(resp)
}

// GetIP gets a requests IP address by reading off the forwarded-for
// header (for proxies) and falls back to use the remote address.
func GetIP(r *http.Request) string {
    forwarded := r.Header.Get("X-FORWARDED-FOR")
    if forwarded != "" {
        return forwarded
    }
    return r.RemoteAddr
}

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